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100 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | c. 100 BC | China, Former Han Empire [technology] | The Chinese begin to use ice for refrigeration. | | c. 100 BC | Rome [materials] | Glass windowpanes begin to be used in Roman houses. | | c. 100 BC | Egypt, Syria, Rome, Parthia, Pontus, Armenia, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Seleucid Kingdom [administration] | The two main lines of successors to Alexander the Great's empire, the Ptolemaic in Egypt and the Seleucid in Syria, continue to decline amidst a confusion of petty and complicated intrigue, both to end in Roman absorption (the former by the emperor Augustus, the latter by the soldier Pompey the Great). Parthia, Pontus, and Armenia all gain in strength during this period. | | c. 12 July 100 BC | Roman Empire [births and deaths] | (Gaius) Julius Caesar, Roman general, dictator, and statesman, conqueror of Transalpine Gaul, born (–44 BC). |
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