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23 October| 23 October 1086 | Almoravid Emirate, Castile, Spain, León [wars] | Yusuf ibn-Tashfin, the Almoravid emir of Morocco, who has been called into Spain by al-Mutamid of Seville to stem the Christian advance, defeats Alfonso VI of Castile and León at Azagal, near Badajoz. | | 23 October 1641 | UK, Ireland [revolution] | After a period of increasing tension in Ireland following the removal of the strong rule of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, the Irish Rebellion breaks out. It is accompanied by a massacre of Ulster Protestants which creates great fear in England. The Long Parliament's desire to control the armed forces that are to be raised to suppress the rebellion causes a further deterioration in relations between King Charles I and Parliament. | | 23 October 1802 | India [political events] | At Poona in India, the maharaja Jaswant Rao Holkar of Indore defeats both Baji Rao, the peshwa of Poona, head of the Maratha confederacy and sympathetic to the British, and Madhoji Rao Sindhia of Gwalior, the most powerful figure in central India. | | 23 October 1845 | France [births and deaths] | Sarah Bernhardt, French actor, born in Paris, France (–1923). | | 23 October 1871–14 March 1872 | Africa [exploration] | Welsh-born US journalist Henry Stanley reaches Lake Tanganyika in Africa in search of the lost Scottish explorer David Livingstone, who he finds at the trading settlement of Ujiji. Together they explore the lake's northern reaches, and establish that it is not the source of the Nile. Livingstone refuses to leave Africa with Stanley. | | 23 October 1922 | UK [political events] | Andrew Bonar Law forms a Conservative government in Britain after the resignation of David Lloyd George over the ‘Chanak Crisis’ of September–October. | | 23 October 1940 | Brazil [births and deaths] | Pele (Edson Arantes do Nascimento), Brazilian footballer, born in Três Corações, Brazil. |
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