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1056| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1047–1080 | France [legislation] | The earliest known code of laws and customs of any French town, the Etablissements de Saint-Quentin, is drawn up. (The original code is lost but is known from a copy of 1151.) | | 17 June 1056 | England, Wales [administration] | Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Wales, defeats and kills Bishop Leofgar of Hereford at Cleobury. Later in the year he is defeated by Earl Harold of Wessex and Earl Leofric of Mercia, and so compelled to recognize the lordship of King Edward the Confessor, who cedes to him English lands west of the River Dee. | | 21 August 1056 | Byzantine Empire [political events] | The Byzantine empress Theodora dies. She is the last of the Macedonian dynasty. She is succeeded by her designated heir Michael VI the Aged, a retired civil servant. | | 5 October 1056 | Holy Roman Empire [political events] | When the Holy Roman Emperor Henry III dies, at Bodfeld, in Saxony, he is succeeded by his six-year-old son Henry IV, with his widow Agnes as regent. |
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