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1058| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1047–1080 | France [legislation] | The earliest known code of laws and customs of any French town, the Etablissements de Saint-Quentin, is drawn up. (The original code is lost but is known from a copy of 1151.) | | 5 April 1058 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy [administration] | Following the death of Pope Stephen IX (29 March), Cardinal John Mincius is elected as Pope Benedict X by Roman nobles who had seized control of Rome, Italy. | | 12 December 1058 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy [administration] | Bishop Gerard of Florence is elected as Pope Nicholas II at Siena, Italy, by the reforming party of cardinals under the protection of Godfrey, Duke of Lorraine. |
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