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1061| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1047–1080 | France [legislation] | The earliest known code of laws and customs of any French town, the Etablissements de Saint-Quentin, is drawn up. (The original code is lost but is known from a copy of 1151.) | | 30 September 1061 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy [administration] | Following the death of Pope Nicholas II (22 July), Anselm of Baggio, bishop of Lucca is elected as Pope Alexander II, the first pope elected according to the election decree of Nicholas II. | | 28 October 1061 | Holy Roman Empire [administration] | Cadalus, bishop of Parma, Italy, an opponent of the papal reform movement, is crowned as antipope Honorius II in Basel, in the presence of King Henry IV of Germany. |
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