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1069| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1047–1080 | France [legislation] | The earliest known code of laws and customs of any French town, the Etablissements de Saint-Quentin, is drawn up. (The original code is lost but is known from a copy of 1151.) | | 1069 | Poland, Kiev [wars] | Duke Boleslaw II of Poland captures Kiev and restores his uncle, Iziaslav, as its prince; Boleslaw abandons Kiev within a year but recovers Red Russia for Poland. | | December 1069 | England [wars] | William I the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, retakes York from the English rebels and their Danish allies, and spends the winter in a brutal ravaging campaign, ‘the Harrying of the North’, to force northern England into submission. |
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