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1071| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1047–1080 | France [legislation] | The earliest known code of laws and customs of any French town, the Etablissements de Saint-Quentin, is drawn up. (The original code is lost but is known from a copy of 1151.) | | 1071 | England [wars] | William I the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, expels Hereward the Wake, the last significant English rebel, from his stronghold on the Isle of Ely. | | 19 August 1071 | Byzantine Empire, Seljuk Sultanate, Fatimid Caliphate [wars] | The Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan destroys a Byzantine army at Manzikert, Armenia, and captures Emperor Romanus IV, whom he frees for a ransom and the payment of tribute. The Seljuk Turks now complete their conquest of Armenia and overrun most of Anatolia (modern Turkey). In the same year, the Seljuks also conquer Syria and, under the general Atsiz ibn-Abaq, take Jerusalem from the Fatimid caliphate. | | 24 October 1071 | Byzantine Empire [administration] | Michael VII, the son of Constantine X, is proclaimed Byzantine emperor, and Romanus IV is deposed, imprisoned, and murdered. Michael unsuccesfully appeals to Western Europe for assistance against the Seljuk Turks. |
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