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1075| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1047–1080 | France [legislation] | The earliest known code of laws and customs of any French town, the Etablissements de Saint-Quentin, is drawn up. (The original code is lost but is known from a copy of 1151.) | | 24 February - 27 February 1075 | Italy [Christianity] | At the Lent synod, Pope Gregory VII suspends seven German bishops for opposing his renewal of decrees against clerical marriage and issues a decree forbidding lay investiture of bishops, whereby secular leaders grant church officials the symbols of their authority. His ruling is strongly opposed, in particular by King Henry IV of Germany. | | June 1075 | Holy Roman Empire [administration] | In defiance of Pope Gregory VII's decree against lay investiture, King Henry IV of Germany appoints his court chaplain to the archbishopric of Milan, so beginning the dispute between the papacy and the German monarchy known as the ‘Investiture Contest’. |
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