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1085| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1078–1124 | Spain, France [churches and temples] | Work begins on the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, using French masons. Built on a huge scale to accommodate the large number of pilgrims, it is largely completed by 1124. | | 1083–1087 | Japan [wars] | The Kiyowara clan, formerly allies of the Minamoto in the Nine Years' War, challenge Minamoto rule in northern Honshu, Japan. The Minamoto, led by Yoshiie, destroy the Kiyowara and impose absolute rule on the north. | | 17 July 1085 | Italy, Greece, Byzantine Empire, Sicily [wars] | When the Norman duke Robert Guiscard of Apulia is killed at the siege of Cephalonia, Greece, he is succeeded as duke of Apulia by his son, Roger Borsa, who withdraws the Normans from Greece. Robert's brother, Roger, succeeds him as count in Sicily and Calabria. | | 25 December 1085 | England [political events] | William I the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, orders a survey of the resources of England subsequently recorded in the Domesday Book, possibly because of the threat of invasion from King Cnut IV of Denmark. |
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