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1086| 1000–1100 | Europe [sports] | ‘Tables’, or backgammon, is introduced to Europe by the Arabs (or reintroduced, as it is similar in name and appearance to the Roman game Tabula). It becomes extremely popular over the next few centuries. The name ‘backgammon’ is first used in the mid-17th century. | | 1078–1124 | Spain, France [churches and temples] | Work begins on the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, using French masons. Built on a huge scale to accommodate the large number of pilgrims, it is largely completed by 1124. | | 1083–1087 | Japan [wars] | The Kiyowara clan, formerly allies of the Minamoto in the Nine Years' War, challenge Minamoto rule in northern Honshu, Japan. The Minamoto, led by Yoshiie, destroy the Kiyowara and impose absolute rule on the north. | | 1086 | Seljuk Sultanate of Rum [administration] | Suleiman, Sultan of Rum, is defeated and killed by Tutush, the semi-independent Seljuk governor of Syria and Palestine, while attempting to take Aleppo. He is succeeded by his son, Kilij Arslan. | | 24 May 1086 | Papal States, Italy [administration] | Abbot Desiderius of Monte Cassino is elected, against his will, as Pope Victor III to succeed Gregory VII. Rioting forces him to leave Rome before he can consecrated and he resumes his duties as abbot. | | 11 August 1086 | Holy Roman Empire, Germany [births and deaths] | Henry V, German king 1099–1125 and Emperor 1111–25, the last emperor of the Salian dynasty, born (–1125). | | 23 October 1086 | Almoravid Emirate, Castile, Spain, León [wars] | Yusuf ibn-Tashfin, the Almoravid emir of Morocco, who has been called into Spain by al-Mutamid of Seville to stem the Christian advance, defeats Alfonso VI of Castile and León at Azagal, near Badajoz. |
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