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1105| 1078–1124 | Spain, France [churches and temples] | Work begins on the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, using French masons. Built on a huge scale to accommodate the large number of pilgrims, it is largely completed by 1124. | | 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1105 | Rome [births and deaths] | Alexander III (original name Rolando Bandinelli), Pope 1159–81, a vigorous defender of papal authority against the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and Henry II of England, born in Siena, Italy (–1181). | | 1105 | Denmark [administration] | After an interregnum, Niels succeeds his brother, the late Erik I the Good, as king of Denmark. | | 27 August 1105 | Kingdom of Jerusalem, Fatimid Caliphate, Palestine [Crusades (1095–1272)] | King Baldwin I of Jerusalem defeats the Fatimids (Shiite Muslims) in the third battle of Ramleh, ending their attempts to reconquer Palestine. | | 12 December 1105 | Holy Roman Empire, Germany [political events] | Emperor Henry IV is captured and imprisoned in Mainz, capital of the Rhineland palatinate, Germany, by his son King Henry V of Germany who is in rebellion against him, fearing that the conflict with the papacy is undermining royal authority. | | 28 December 1105 | France, Toulouse, Fatimid Caliphate, Syria [Crusades (1095–1272)] | Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, dies while besieging Tripoli, one of the few major Muslim strongholds remaining on the Syrian coast. |
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