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1118| 1078–1124 | Spain, France [churches and temples] | Work begins on the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, using French masons. Built on a huge scale to accommodate the large number of pilgrims, it is largely completed by 1124. | | 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1118 | Byzantine Empire [administration] | The Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus establishes a form of feudalism in the Byzantine Empire by granting estates conditional upon military service (known as pronoia). | | c. 1118 | England [births and deaths] | Saint Thomas Becket, chancellor of England 1155–62 and archbishop of Canterbury 1162–70, born in Cheapside, London (–1170). | | 24 January 1118 | Papal States, Italy [administration] | John of Gaeta is elected as Pope Gelasius II following the death of Pope Paschal II. | | 8 March 1118 | Papal States, Italy, Holy Roman Empire [Catholicism] | Emperor Henry V of Germany has Maurice Bourdin, archbishop of Braga, elected as Pope Gregory VIII and installs him in Rome, forcing the recently elected Pope Gelasius II to flee. | | 7 April 1118 | Holy Roman Empire [administration] | Pope Gelasius II, in exile in Capua, Italy, excommunicates Emperor Henry V of Germany. | | 19 December 1118 | Aragon, Navarre, Spain [Reconquista of Spain (711–1492)] | King Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre captures the city of Zaragoza in northeast Spain from the Muslim ruler of the Almoravids. |
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