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1123| 1078–1124 | Spain, France [churches and temples] | Work begins on the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, using French masons. Built on a huge scale to accommodate the large number of pilgrims, it is largely completed by 1124. | | 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | c. 1123 | Holy Roman Empire, Germany [births and deaths] | Frederick I Barbarossa, German king and Holy Roman Emperor 1152–90, born (–1190). | | 18 March - 5 April 1123 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Poland [Catholicism] | Pope Calixtus II holds the first general council of the church in Western Europe (the first Lateran council), which condemns simony (the buying and selling of church benefits) and the marriage of priests. He also sends a legate to complete the organization of the Polish church. | | 18 April 1123 | Kingdom of Jerusalem, Danishmend Emirate [Crusades (1095–1272)] | King Baldwin II of Jerusalem is captured and his army destroyed in a surprise attack on his camp near Gargar, on the River Euphrates, by Balak of Khanzit, the nephew of the Danishmend emir Ghazi. | | 29 May 1123 | Egypt, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Fatimid Caliphate [Crusades (1095–1272)] | An invading Fatimid (Shiite Muslim) army flees back to Egypt when faced by the Frankish army of Jerusalem at Ibelin; the Venetians destroy the Fatimid fleet off Ascalon. |
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