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1140| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1132–1143 | Sicily [churches and temples] | The Palatine Chapel in Palermo, Sicily is constructed for King Roger II of Sicily. It combines Byzantine, Islamic, and Norman styles of architecture in a dazzling hybrid. | | 1137–1140 | France [churches and temples] | The new west front of Saint-Denis in Paris, France, is built. The design and sculpture of its façade mark the beginning of Gothic architecture. Abbot Suger now begins a new east end, with Gothic vaulting and stained glass windows. | | 1139–1141 | Italy [Christianity] | Gratian of Bologna compiles Concordia discordantium canonum/Reconciliation of Opposing Canons (known as the Decretum), a collection of around 4,000 texts which forms the first systematic codification of canonical law. | | 1140 | Spain [poetry] | Poema di mío Cid/Poem of the Cid is written. It is the most complete Spanish epic chanson de geste (‘songs of exploits’) and tells of the fantastic deeds of the military commander Rodrigo or Ruy Díaz de Vivar (El Cid), who died in 1099. | | 4 April 1140 | Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, Germany [political events] | The Saxons reject Albert I the Bear as their duke and refuse to surrender to Conrad III Hohenstaufen, king of the Germans. . |
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