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1141| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1132–1143 | Sicily [churches and temples] | The Palatine Chapel in Palermo, Sicily is constructed for King Roger II of Sicily. It combines Byzantine, Islamic, and Norman styles of architecture in a dazzling hybrid. | | 1139–1141 | Italy [Christianity] | Gratian of Bologna compiles Concordia discordantium canonum/Reconciliation of Opposing Canons (known as the Decretum), a collection of around 4,000 texts which forms the first systematic codification of canonical law. | | 1141 | Southern Song Empire, Jin Empire, China [political events] | Qingui, chancellor of the Chinese Southern Song Empire and an exponent of peace with the Jin (Juchen) Empire, arranges the arrest and murder of the general Yuefei, the leader of the war party. The Southern Song then declare themselves vassals of the Jin and pay tribute. | | 9 September 1141 | Seljuk Sultanate, Central Asia [wars] | The Seljuk sultan Sanjar is defeated on the Qatwan Steppe, at Samarkand, by the Kara-Khitai Turks who are establishing an empire stretching from China to the River Oxus (present-day Amu Darya) in central Asia. | | 1 November 1141 | England [wars] | King Stephen of England is released in exchange for Robert, Earl of Gloucester, the leader of the rival claimant Matilda's party, whom his partisans have captured; the civil war continues with neither party able to establish ascendancy. |
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