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1144| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1144 | England [scientific publications] | The English scholar Robert of Chester makes a Latin translation of the Arabic Book of the Composition of Alchemy attributed to the 9th-century Muslim alchemist Jabir (Geber). This is the first such translation of a writing on chemistry. | | 12 March 1144 | Papal States, Italy [administration] | Pope Lucius II is elected following the death of Pope Celestine II. | | 24 December 1144 | County of Edessa, Zangid Emirate, Turkey [Crusades (1095–1272)] | 'Imad ad-Din Zangi, the Muslim governor of Mosul, takes Edessa (Urfa) (in eastern Turkey) after a four-week siege; though he massacres the Frankish inhabitants the native Armenian Christians are spared. The fall of the city calls for a new crusade. |
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