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1154| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1154 | England [historical study] | The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles are completed. They have been written since 880 and record events in England from AD 449–1154. | | 10 October 1154 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Papal States [diplomacy] | King Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany begins an expedition to Italy to restore royal authority there after the disorders of the ‘Investiture Contest’ (conflict between the papacy and the Empire over lay investiture of senior churchmen) and its aftermath. | | 4 December 1154 | England, Papal States, Italy [administration] | Cardinal Nicholas Breakspear is elected Pope Adrian IV (the first and only English pope) following the death of Pope Anastasius IV. | | 19 December 1154 | England [administration] | Henry II Plantagenet is crowned as king of England, founding the Plantagenet dynasty. |
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