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1157| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1157 | Sweden [wars] | King Erik IX the Saint of Sweden begins the conquest of the area of modern Finland. | | 1157 | Holy Roman Empire, Poland [wars] | After invading Poland, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa compels Grand Prince Boleslaw IV of Poland to admit, in the Peace of Krzyszkowo, the imperial overlordship of Poland (for the last time). | | 21 August 1157 | Castile, Spain, León [administration] | King Alfonso VII of Castile and León, Emperor of Spain, dies; by his will his sons, Sancho III and Ferdinand II, become kings of Castile and León respectively. | | 8 September 1157 | England [births and deaths] | Richard I (‘Richard the Lionheart’), King of England 1189–99, who gained popularity through his bravery during the Third Crusade, born in Oxford, England (–1199). |
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