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1160| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1160 | Japan [administration] | Taira Kiyomori, the leader of the Taira samurai clan in Japan, wins control of the imperial government after defeating his rivals in the Hogen and Heijii insurrections of 1156–59. | | 1160 | Arabia [health and medicine] | The Muslim scholar ibn-Rushd (Averroës) writes his great medical encyclopedia Kitab al-Kulliyat fi-al-Tibb/Generalities of Medicine. | | 1160 | France [plays] | Jean Bodel's Le Jeu de St Nicholas/The Play of St Nicholas, the oldest extant miracle play in French literature, is performed at Arras, France. | | 1 January 1160 | Almohad Emirate, Sicily, North Africa [revolution] | The fall of Mahdiyah (in modern Tunisia) to local rebels completes the loss of all the conquests of the kings of Sicily in North Africa. | | 24 March 1160 | Papal States, Italy, Holy Roman Empire [diplomacy] | Pope Alexander III excommunicates the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa for recognizing his rival Victor IV as pope. |
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