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1167| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1112–1167 | Pagan [political events] | During the reign of King Alaungsithu, the Burmese kingdom of Pagan reaches the peak of its political and cultural influence. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | 1167 | Mongolia [births and deaths] | Genghis Khan (original name Temüjin), great Mongol military leader who established the Mongol empire, born at Deligun Bulduk, on the River Onon (–1227). | | 1167–1168 | Italy, Holy Roman Empire [wars] | The Lombard League, formed to defend the northern Italian cities against the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, builds the city of Alessandria to strengthen its defences. | | 11 April 1167 | Kingdom of Jerusalem, Zangid Emirate, Fatimid Caliphate, Egypt [wars] | King Amalric I of Jerusalem, in alliance with the Fatimid vizier Shawar, defeats the Syrians under the Zengid general Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin near Cairo, Egypt. Both the Syrians and the Franks of Jerusalem subsequently agree to leave Egypt. | | 24 June 1167 | Holy Roman Empire, Papal States, Italy [wars] | The Holy Roman Frederick I Barbarossa camps outside Rome; he subsequently forces an entry, Pope Alexander III flees to Benevento, and the antipope Paschal III is installed. | | 10 September 1167 | France [births and deaths] | Empress Matilda (or Maud), daughter of Henry I of England, consort of Emperor Henry V, thereafter claimant to the English throne, dies near Rouen, France (c. 65). | | 24 December 1167 | England [births and deaths] | John I (‘John Lackland’), King of England 1199–1216, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, brother of Richard I, born in Oxford, England (–1216). |
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