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118| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | c. 100–c. 200 | Central America [town planning] | Great building projects are carried out in the pre-Toltec city of Teotihuacán in the Mexican Basin. A great central avenue is laid out, now known as the Street of the Dead. The Temple of the Sun is also completed, dominating the Street of the Dead; at 65 m/216 ft, it is the highest pyramid in Mexico. Another slightly smaller pyramid, to the Moon, is also constructed. Twenty further temples line the avenue. | | 118–120 | Roman Empire, UK [wars] | There are serious revolts against the Romans in Britain, with the 9th (Hispana) Roman Legion, stationed at Lindum (modern Lincoln, England), totally disappearing from the records. | | 118 | Roman Empire, Armenia, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Persia [administration] | Hadrian, the new Roman emperor, halts the expansionist policy of his predecessor, Trajan: like the former emperor Augustus, he accepts the River Euphrates as the Roman frontier. This policy is not popular with his generals, nor does he achieve popularity at home, in spite of liberal gestures. Hadrian withdraws the legions from Armenia, Assyria, Mesopotamia, and Parthia, and makes Armenia a client kingdom instead of a province. | | 118 | Roman Empire [churches and temples] | The Pantheon, a temple dedicated to all the gods, is rebuilt in Rome. A domed structure, probably designed by the emperor Hadrian himself, it is one of the few classical buildings to have survived virtually intact. |
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