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1185| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | 25 April 1185 | Japan [wars] | At the naval battle of Dan-no-ura the Japanese Minamoto clan finally destroys the Taira samurai clan. Minamoto Yoritomo, adopting the title Sei-i-tai Shogun (‘barbarian-suppressing generalissimo’), becomes the effective ruler of Japan, making his capital at Kamakura (near Tokyo). Rule by the shoguns (military rulers) continues in Japan until 1868. | | 7 July 1185 | France, Flanders [treaties] | By the Treaty of Boves with Count Philip of Flanders, King Philip II of France acquires Amiens and other lands and titles in northeast France, thus doubling the extent of the royal domain. | | 12 September 1185 | Byzantine Empire, Normandy [wars] | The Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus is killed in a riot in Constantinople; he is succeeded by his cousin, Isaac II Angelus, who defeats the Normans at Mosinopolis and expels them. | | 25 November 1185 | Papal States, Italy [administration] | Humbert Crivelli, archbishop of Milan, is elected Pope Urban III following the death of Pope Lucius III. |
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