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1189| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | 3 April 1189 | Holy Roman Empire [diplomacy] | In the Peace of Strasbourg, Pope Clement III and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa resolve their differences over the appointment to the archbishopric of Trier in the Rhineland Palatinate. Both the papal and imperial candidates are dropped and a new election is held. | | 3 September 1189 | England [political events] | Richard I the Lionheart is crowned as king of England; this date becomes the limit of legal memory (from 1290). | | 10 October 1189 | Holy Roman Empire, Saxony, Germany [political events] | With the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa absent on crusade, Henry the Lion, the dispossessed Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, returns to Germany and recovers much of Saxony and Holstein. | | 12 December 1189 | England, Palestine [administration] | Having raised money by the sale of offices and privileges, King Richard I the Lionheart leaves England to join the Third Crusade, leaving William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and Hugh Puiset, bishop of Durham, in charge of England as justiciars (vice regents in the king's absence). |
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