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1190| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | 1190 | Palestine, Israel [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The Christian military order of the Knights of the Cross (later known as the Teutonic Knights) is founded at Acre, Palestine (modern Akko, Israel) to crusade against the pagan Slavs and Balts. | | 10 June 1190 | Holy Roman Empire [Crusades (1095–1272)] | When the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa is drowned in the River Saleph (now Göksu) in Lesser Armenia (Cilicia) while on the Third Crusade, his son Frederick of Swabia takes command, but his German army is demoralized by the death of the emperor and begins to break up. | | 10 June 1190 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [births and deaths] | Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor 1152–90 and German king, drowns in Lesser Armenia (Cilicia) during the Third Crusade (c. 67). |
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