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1193| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | 1193 | Italy [health and medicine] | The Italian physician and scholar Burgundo of Pisa translates Galen's medical works from Greek into Latin, thus reintroducing much of Galen's thinking into Western Europe. | | 14 February 1193 | Austria, England, Holy Roman Empire [political events] | Leopold V, Duke of Austria, surrenders King Richard I the Lionheart of England to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI for ransom; he uses the money to build towns and fortresses and establish the Wiener pfennig. | | 4 March 1193 | Ayyubid Sultanate, Egypt, Syria, Yemen, Palestine [births and deaths] | Saladin, sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine 1171–93, who successfully captured Jerusalem from the Franks during the Third Crusade, dies in Damascus (c. 56). |
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