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1194| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | 3 February 1194 | England, Holy Roman Empire, France [diplomacy] | King Richard I the Lionheart of England is released by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in Mainz, in the Rhineland Palatinate, Germany; as he returns to England, he builds up an anti-French coalition in the Rhineland and Low Countries. His brother, the self-proclaimed King John of England, flees to the French court on hearing of his release. | | 12 May 1194 | England, France [taxation] | Having raised money by the sale of charters and a new tax called the Carucage (based on the Danegeld), King Richard I the Lionheart leaves England to re-establish his authority in his French lands. | | 26 December 1194 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy [births and deaths] | Frederick II, King of Sicily 1197–1250, king of Germany 1212–1250, and Holy Roman Emperor 1220–1250, King of Jerusalem 1229–1243, grandson of Frederick I Barbarossa, born in Jesi, Ancona, Italy (–1250). |
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