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1201| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. | | 1201 | Switzerland, Italy, Europe [roads] | The St Gotthard Pass is opened through the Swiss Alps, connecting the Uri and Ticino regions and establishing a major overland commercial route between Italy and northern Europe. | | 8 June 1201 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Germany [treaties] | By the Diploma of Neuss, King Otto IV cedes imperial authority in Italy to the papacy. In return, Pope Innocent III agrees to recognize Otto as ‘king of the Romans’ (king of Germany) instead of his rival Philip Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia. |
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