| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. |
| 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. |
| c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. |
| 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. |
| 1 January 1204 | Byzantine Empire [political events] | An anti-Latin mob in Constantinople murders the Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelus and proclaims Nicholas Canabus as emperor. |
| 8 February 1204 | Byzantine Empire [political events] | The co-Byzantine emperor Alexius IV Angelus dies in an uprising of the citizens of Constantinople, who are angered at his inability to fulfil his pledge to the Crusaders who had helped install him on the throne. Nicholas Canabus, proclaimed emperor by the anti-Latins, is imprisoned. Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus, son-in-law of the deposed Alexius III and leader of the anti-Latin forces in Constantinople assumes the Byzantine throne. |
| 1 April 1204 | Anjou, France [births and deaths] | Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen Consort first of King Louis VII of France, then of King Henry II of England, mother of King Richard I the Lionheart and King John of England, and one of the most influential women in 12th-century Europe, dies in Fontevrault, Anjou, France (c. 82). |
| 12 April 1204 | Byzantine Empire [Crusades (1095–1272)] | Realizing that the Byzantine promise of help for their crusade is not going to be kept, the crusaders take the Byzantine capital Constantinople by storm and sack it for three days. The emperor Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus flees, as does Constantine XI Lascaris after being offered the throne by Byzantine nobles during the attack. |
| 24 June 1204 | France, England, Normandy, Gascony, France [wars] | With the fall of the Norman capital Rouen, King Philip II's conquest of Normandy is complete; of his French possessions King John of England retains only Gascony and the Channel Islands (originally part of the duchy of Normandy). |
| 10 October 1204 | Latin Empire of Constantinople, Venice, Italy, Byzantine Empire [political events] | The Latin emperor Baldwin of Constantinople, the Venetians, and the crusaders partition the Byzantine Empire by treaty. Continuing Byzantine resistance, however, means that many of the crusaders are unable to take possession of their territories. |
| 8 November 1204 | Bulgaria [political events] | Kalojan is crowned as king of Bulgaria (styling himself tsar) by a papal legate, following his agreement with Pope Innocent III to reject Orthodox Christianity and accept the Roman church. |
