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1210| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | c. 1210 | Germany [poetry] | Gottfried von Strassburg writes his unfinished epic poem Tristan und Isolde/Tristan and Isolde in Middle High German. | | 1210 | Italy [Christianity] | Pope Innocent III unexpectedly sanctions St Francis of Assisi's new order, the Friars Minor. | | 17 July 1210 | Sweden [political events] | King Sverker II of Sweden is defeated, killed, and succeeded by Eric X Cnutson, the first Swedish king to be anointed at his coronation. | | 11 November 1210 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Apulia, Germany [wars] | The Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV, having agreed not to, opens a campaign to conquer the Italian duchy of Apulia and is therefore excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. Thus freed from their vows of obedience to Otto, his subjects in Germany rebel against him. |
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