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1216| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1216 | South Asia [wars] | King Maravarman Sundara of the Pandyas of southern India drives the Chola king, Kulottunga III, into (temporary) exile; the second Pandya Empire is now founded. | | 18 July 1216 | Italy [administration] | Cencio Savelli is elected Pope Honorius III. | | 19 October 1216 | England [births and deaths] | John I (‘John Lackland’), King of England 1199–1216, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, brother of Richard I, dies in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England (48). | | 28 October 1216 | England [political events] | King John of England's son, Henry III, a minor, is crowned king of England at Gloucester. William the Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, is appointed his guardian. |
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