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1217| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1217 | Scotland [scientific publications] | The Scottish astrologer and reputed magician Michael Scot makes a Latin translation of Alpetragius's Arabic Kitab al-Hay'ah of 1204. The work reintroduces many ideas of Aristotelian astronomy into Europe. | | 20 May 1217 | England, France [wars] | William the Marshal, leading the loyalists for King Henry III of England, defeats the French dauphin Louis and the rebels who invited him to become king at Lincoln, England. | | 12 September 1217 | England, France [treaties] | By the Treaty of Kingston, the English rebels make peace with King Henry III of England and the French dauphin Louis is paid to leave England. |
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