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1218| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1218 | Khmer Empire [town planning] | Jayavarman VII of the Khmer Empire rebuilds and walls the city of Angkor Thom (in modern Cambodia), the temple of Bayon being the greatest of his buildings. | | 29 May 1218 | Egypt, Germany, Austria, Scandinavia, Flanders [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The main contingent of the Fifth Crusade lands outside Damietta at the mouth of the River Nile, Egypt. |
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