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1227| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 19 March 1227 | Italy [administration] | Ugolino dei Conti is elected Pope Gregory IX. | | 22 July 1227 | Denmark, Germany [wars] | King Valdemar II of Denmark is defeated at Bornhöved by the allies of Henry, Count of Schwerin, losing the town of Lübeck and other conquests in northern Germany. German colonization towards the east now resumes. | | 18 August 1227 | Mongol Empire [births and deaths] | Genghis Khan (original name Temüjin), great Mongol military leader who established the Mongol Empire, dies (c. 72). | | 24 August 1227 | Mongol Empire, Central Asia [political events] | When the Mongol leader Genghis Khan dies, leaving behind an army numbering about 129,000, he is succeeded as great khan by his son Ogedai. A subordinate khanate is created for Ogedai's brother Chaghadai in Turkestan. | | 29 September 1227 | Italy, Holy Roman Empire [political events] | Pope Gregory IX excommunicates the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II for his failure to fulfil his promise to go on crusade (Frederick has claimed to be too ill). | | 11 November 1227 | Ayyubid Sultanate, Syria, Egypt, Palestine [political events] | Al-Mu'azzam, the Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, Syria, dies; al-Kamil, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, then seizes Jerusalem. |
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