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1233| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 4 April 1233 | Cyprus, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Jerusalem [wars] | With the surrender of the Cypriot port of Kyrenia to John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II's forces are expelled from Cyprus and Henry of Lusignan is restored as king. | | 8 August 1233 | Wales, England [wars] | Richard the Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in alliance with Llywelyn ap Iorwerth the Great, Prince of Gwynedd (north Wales), begins a revolt against King Henry III of England. |
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