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1236| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1236 | Mongol Empire [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | A Mongol army led by Batu, a grandson of the Mongol leader Genghis Khan, conquers the Volga Bulgars. | | 1236 | Georgia, Mongol Empire [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | The kingdom of Georgia is conquered by the Mongols and reduced to tributary status. | | 1236 | Germany, Prussia [wars] | The Teutonic Knights (a German Christian military order of crusading knights) complete their conquest of the Pomeranians of west Prussia. | | 7 July 1236 | Holy Roman Empire, Italy [political events] | In a diet (legislative assembly) in Piacenza, Italy, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II announces his intention of restoring imperial authority in Italy. Pope Gregory IX replies by claiming the supreme temporal dominion of the papacy in Italy under the ‘Donation of Constantine’ (an 8th-century forgery, purporting to show that the Roman Emperor Constantine granted control of all of Italy to Pope Sylvester I and the papacy in the 4th century). |
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