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1243| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1243 | Germany [Christianity] | Jews from Belitz, near modern Berlin, Germany, are burnt to death in the earliest known case of a massacre of Jews in Germany, following an alleged desecration of the Host (the bread consecrated in the Christian Eucharist). | | 25 June 1243 | Italy [administration] | Sinibaldo dei Fieschi is elected Pope Innocent IV. | | 26 June 1243 | Mongol Empire, Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, Georgia [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | The Mongols defeat Kay-Khusraw II, Sultan of Rum, and his Byzantine allies at Köse Dagh, near Erzinjan; he becomes their tributary, as does Queen Rusadan of Georgia. |
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