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1244| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 23 August 1244 | Syria, Egypt, Ayyubid Sultanate, Palestine [Crusades (1095–1272)] | Jerusalem is captured and sacked by Khwarizmian exiles employed by the sultan Ayyub of Egypt in his war against Damascus, Syria; the Christians are expelled, this time for good. |
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