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1249| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1249 | England [universities and colleges] | University College, the earliest college of Oxford University, England, is founded. | | 1249 | England [universities and colleges] | The English monk and scholar Roger Bacon argues for the inclusion of scientific studies in the curriculum of Oxford University, England, which is primarily a religious institution at the time. | | 27 September 1249 | Toulouse, Languedoc, France [political events] | Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, dies; he is succeeded by his son-in-law Alfonse of Poitiers, the brother of King Louis IX of France, marking the definitive integration of Languedoc into France. |
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