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1258| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1258 | Turkey [births and deaths] | Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Turkish state, born (–1324). | | 1258 | Georgia, Mongol Empire [political events] | Georgia is partitioned. Its rulers remain vassals of the Mongols. | | 1258 | Korea [political events] | Following the murder of the last Ch'oe dictator, Korean resistance to the Mongols ends. The Koryo kings remain as vassals. | | 20 February 1258 | Persia [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | The last Abbasid caliph (Islamic ruler of Persia) al-Musta'sim and his family are put to death on the Mongol leader Hulagu's orders. | | 10 August 1258 | Sicily [political events] | Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, assumes the crown of Sicily. |
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