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1265

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1265

1100–1532South America [administration]The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation.
1202–1304Flanders [civic and commercial buildings]The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915.
1262–1269Ilkhanate, Persia, Mongol Empire [wars]War is waged between the Ilkhan of Persia, Hulagu, and Berke, Khan of the ‘Golden Horde’. It is inconclusive but saves Egypt from Mongol attack.
c. 1265Genoa [historical study]Jacobus de Voragine, archbishop of Genoa, compiles his Legenda aurea/Golden Legend, a collection of the lives and legends of the saints, which becomes an important source book for pre-Reformation artists.
1265Italy [births and deaths]Dante Alighieri, Italian poet, prose writer, moral philosopher, and political theorist, author of Divina commedia/Divine Comedy, born in Florence, Italy (–1321).
5 February 1265Papal States, Italy [Catholicism]Guy Foulquoi, the papal legate to England, is elected Pope Clement.
4 August 1265England [political events]King Henry III of England and his son Edward Plantagenet defeat and kill the leader of the baronial party Simon IV de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, at Evesham, England.


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