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1270| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | c. 1270 | Scotland [births and deaths] | William Wallace, Scottish hero who led the first resistance movements to free Scotland from English rule, born near Paisley, Renfrew, Scotland (–1305). | | 1 July 1270 | France [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The French king Louis IX sails from France on the Eighth Crusade to the Holy Land to recover Palestine from the Muslims. | | 25 August 1270 | France [political events] | Philip III succeeds to the French throne following the death of his father, King Louis IX of France. | | 1 November 1270 | Sicily, North Africa [treaties] | Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily, now leader of the Eighth Crusade to the Holy Land after the death of King Louis IX of France, makes a peace treaty with the emir of Tunis, intending to direct the crusade fleet towards Constantinople. The emir resumes payment of the tribute formerly paid to the Hohenstaufen kings of Sicily. | | 23 November 1270 | France, Sicily [Crusades (1095–1272)] | The Eighth Crusade fleet is destroyed by a storm at Trapani, Sicily, preventing Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily and leader of the crusade, from directing it towards Constantinople. |
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