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1273| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1273 | China [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | The Mongols take the Chinese twin cities of Xiangyang after a five-year siege. This is an important set-back for the Chinese Song dynasty. | | 1273 | Nicaean Empire, Bulgaria, Mongol Empire [political events] | The Nicaean emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus makes peace with Nogay, the Mongol ruler of the Lower Danube. Nogay holds influence with the ‘Golden Horde’, and is able to prevent anti-Nicaean action by the Bulgarians. |
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