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1278| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1 May 1278 | Byzantine Empire, Greece [administration] | William de Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea, dies. He is succeeded by Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily. Although apparently threatening the Byzantine Empire, Achaea is exhausted by war and the Byzantine Empire is able to extend its territories as far as Arcadia. | | 28 August 1278 | Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Hungary [wars] | King Ottokar II of Bohemia is defeated and killed by King Rudolf I of Germany and King Ladislas IV of Hungary at Dürnkrut, on the River Danube near Stillfried. He is succeeded by his seven-year-old son, Wenceslas III, in Bohemia only, where civil war breaks out. |
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