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1279| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1279 | England [legislation] | In the course of a dispute with John Pecham, archbishop of Canterbury, King Edward I of England forbids grants of land to the church in the Statute of Mortmain. This is the first act of anticlerical legislation in England. | | 1279 | China [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | Kublai Khan completes the Mongol conquest of China with a naval victory near Macau. The southern Chinese Song dynasty is extinguished. | | 1 January 1279 | Portugal [administration] | King Afonso III of Portugal dies. He is succeeded by his son Dinis. | | 14 February 1279 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire, Italy [political events] | King Rudolf I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes the superior authority of the papacy and cedes all claims to sovereignty over the Papal States and southern Italy. |
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