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1289| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1289 | Italy [tools] | The block printing of complete manuscript pages is introduced for the first time in Europe at Ravenna, Italy. | | 1289 | China [canals] | The Chinese Mongol ruler Kublai Khan completes the extension of the Chinese Grand Canal (originally completed around 605), linking Beijing with the Chang Jiang River. |
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