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1298| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1297–1301 | Italy [sculpture] | Italian sculptor Giovanni Pisano sculpts the pulpit of S Andrea, Pistoia, Italy. | | 1298 | China [thought and scholarship] | Marco Polo writes Il milione/The Million (Travels of Marco Polo) while in prison. It is the first European account of the geography, economy, civilization, and government of China. | | 1298 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [tools] | A spinning wheel for manufacturing thread from fibre is first mentioned in Europe in the Drapers' Statutes of the German town of Speyer. It is introduced from India via the Middle East. | | 1298–1299 | Ethiopia [political events] | Mohammad Abu Abdullah, a Muslim visionary, makes an abortive attempt to conquer the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia. | | 1298 | Mongol Empire [wars] | Nogay, Mongol Khan of the ‘Nogay Horde’ (operating between the Dnieper and Danube rivers), ravages the Crimea after defeating Tokhta, Khan of the ‘Golden Horde’. | | 2 July 1298 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [wars] | In a battle near Göllheim (near Worms), Germany, the Holy Roman Emperor Adolf I of Nassau is defeated and killed by Albert of Habsburg. | | 27 July 1298 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [elections] | Albert of Habsburg is elected Holy Roman Emperor. | | 8 September 1298 | Genoa, Venice [wars] | The Genoese destroy the Venetian navy off the Dalmatian island of Curzola in their struggle to gain control of trade with the Byzantine Empire. As a result, Venice ‘closes’ its Great Council, a council of nobles who deal with administrative and legislative affairs, restricting its membership. |
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