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1299| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1297–1301 | Italy [sculpture] | Italian sculptor Giovanni Pisano sculpts the pulpit of S Andrea, Pistoia, Italy. | | 1298–1299 | Ethiopia [political events] | Mohammad Abu Abdullah, a Muslim visionary, makes an abortive attempt to conquer the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia. | | 1299 | Italy [toys and games] | Italian tarot cards are first mentioned in a manuscript. They are used both for gaming and fortune telling, and the modern pack of playing cards derives from them. | | 1299 | Russia [wars] | Tokhta, Khan of the ‘Golden Horde’, defeats and kills Nogay, Khan of the ‘Nogay Horde’ (between the Dnieper and Danube rivers), on the River Kagamlyk. The Mongols in eastern Europe are thus reunited. | | 5 May 1299 | Genoa, Venice [wars] | Matteo Visconti negotiates a peace between Genoa and Venice, ending their war (since 1261) to control trade with the Byzantine Empire. |
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