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1300| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1297–1301 | Italy [sculpture] | Italian sculptor Giovanni Pisano sculpts the pulpit of S Andrea, Pistoia, Italy. | | 1300 | Byzantine Empire, Anatolia, [wars] | A new wave of Turks, known as the ‘Ottomans’ after their founder Osman, are driven westwards by the Mongols. They defeat the Byzantines in Bithynia, and occupy western Anatolia. The Byzantine Empire holds on only in Nicaea, Heraclea, and Smyrna. | | 1300 | Burma [Mongol conquests (1206–1405)] | The Shans in Burma defeat a punitive Mongol expedition from China, following Burmese rebellion after the death of Kublai Khan in 1294. | | c. 1300 | China [plays] | Chinese playwright Guan Han-qing is active. Regarded as China's greatest classical dramatist, his most important works include Snow in Midsummer. | | c. 1300 | Italy [poetry] | Italian poet Dante Alighieri completes his Vità nuova/New Life, including 25 sonnets, 4 canzoni, and a ballata, with linking prose telling the story of the poet's love for Beatrice (Portinari). | | 5 May 1300 | Flanders, France [political events] | Guy of Flanders, having been deserted by all his allies, surrenders to King Philip IV of France and is imprisoned. Flanders is placed under French governance, and is adminstered by Jacques de Châtillon, the uncle of the queen. | | 8 August 1300 | Holy Roman Empire [wars] | The Holy Roman Emperor Albert I abandons his siege of Nijmegen in the war against John of Hainault. This failure is followed by a revolt of the Rhenish princes. |
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