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1302| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1202–1304 | Flanders [civic and commercial buildings] | The Cloth Hall at Ypres, in Flanders (now part of Belgium), one of the finest Gothic secular buildings of the late Middle Ages, is built. It is destroyed in 1915. | | 1302 | Italy [health and medicine] | The physician Bartolomeo de Varignana of Bologna, Italy, a strong supporter of the medical tradition of Galen, gives the first written account of a post mortem examination. | | 10 April 1302 | France [administration] | King Philip IV of France holds the first known meeting of the Estates General (assembly containing representatives of the three estates, aristocracy, clergy, and commons) in Paris, France, to rally national opinion against Pope Boniface VIII. | | 18 May 1302 | Flanders, France [political events] | The French garrison is massacred in the ‘Matins of Bruges’, beginning the revolt of the Flemings against French occupation. The whole of Western Flanders is soon up in arms, and the French royal army is sent in to crush the rebels. | | 11 July 1302 | Flanders, France [wars] | The French army, considered to be the finest fighting force of the time, is destroyed by the Flemish urban militia at Courtrai, Flanders. The Flemings repel the French cavalry, inflicting over a thousand casualties at a cost of only a few hundred casualties to their side. | | 24 September 1302 | Sicily, Naples, Italy [treaties] | Following the destruction of Charles of Valois's army by malaria, a truce between Charles of Naples and Frederick II of Sicily is made by the Treaty of Caltabellotta. Frederick's kingdom is named Trinacria. This ends the war of the ‘Sicilian Vespers’. Frederick's Catalan mercenary troops, now unemployed, form the Grand Company and go to Greece. |
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