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1313| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1313 | France [births and deaths] | Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian poet and scholar who, with Petrarch, laid the foundations of Renaissance humanism, author of the Decameron, born in Paris, France (–1375). | | c. 1313 | Germany [chemistry] | German Grey Friar Berthold der Schwarze is traditionally credited with the independent invention of gunpowder. He is also acknowledged as the first European to cast a bronze cannon. | | c. 1313 | Italy [political theory] | Italian writer Dante Alighieri completes his De monarchia/On Monarchy, a Latin treatise expressing his view that world government should be based on the Holy Roman Emperor and not the pope. | | 1313 | Dai Viet, Champa [administration] | Tran Anh-tong, Emperor of Dai Viet (modern northern Vietnam), occupies Champa (southern Vietnam) and establishes Che Nang, of the Cham royal dynasty, as puppet ruler. |
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